A Two-Part Series on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
This article is the first part of a two-part series where we delve into a comprehensive explanation of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this initial installment, we will explore the intricate aspects of ASD, followed by a personal account of my journey in the second part, highlighting the steps I took to better comprehend my son’s unique needs.
Following my son’s diagnosis, I felt a strong desire to gain a deeper understanding of the various terms that are commonly encountered: high functioning, high needs, Asperger’s Syndrome, ASD levels 1, 2, and 3. Like many parents, I grappled with the question of where my son fits within these classifications upon receiving his ASD diagnosis. At the time of his diagnosis, when he was three years old, discussions about his future were filled with potential but also uncertainty. This left me with a multitude of questions, and I’m sure you have experienced similar feelings.
Here’s what I’ve discovered, and I believe it can assist you in navigating your own inquiries. Autism is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition, and its manifestation varies significantly from person to person. According to the CDC, 40% of individuals with ASD are non-verbal, 90% contend with sensory sensitivities, 40% exhibit anxiety disorders, and around 30% present intellectual disabilities.
Furthermore, data spanning from 2000 to 2018 highlights a stark reality: one in every 36 children has received an autism diagnosis. This prevalence comes with a gender disparity, as boys receive the diagnosis four times more often than girls. This discrepancy could potentially be attributed to the fact that girls often camouflage their behaviors, leading to delayed diagnosis until adulthood.
So, what exactly are these behaviors? They might involve attempts to manage stimming actions, closely observing and imitating social behaviors, interpreting nonverbal cues, rehearsing dialogues, and displaying a high degree of flexibility and support toward others.
Equally intriguing is the realization that outdated terminology still lingers in society, even though medical professionals have moved beyond it. This mismatch between current terminology and societal usage can make it challenging to answer the question of where our loved ones fall on the spectrum.
In the past (before 2013), three categories were commonly used:
1. Autistic Disorder: This encompassed more profound challenges, particularly in communication and social interactions.
2. Asperger’s Syndrome: Characterized by milder symptoms that impact communication and social skills.
3. Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS): An intermediate category for individuals not meeting criteria for the preceding two classifications.
However, classifications have evolved to provide a clearer understanding of each individual’s journey. Here are the updated classifications:
• ASD Level 1: This designation signifies the lowest level of severity, requiring moderate support. Challenges include difficulties with social interactions and organizational tasks. It’s important to note that while Level 1 was formerly informally referred to as “High Functioning,” this term is now viewed as stigmatizing within the autistic community.
• ASD Level 2: Falling midway on the spectrum, this level demands substantial support. Prominent issues include limited verbal communication, strict interests, and repetitive behaviors. A key distinction between Level 1 and Level 2 is that individuals at Level 1 can mask their symptoms, whereas those at Level 2 are unable to do so.
• ASD Level 3: Representing the most severe category, Level 3 necessitates extensive support. Symptoms encompass challenges seen in previous levels, but they are intensified by heightened severity and additional complications, leading to notable limitations in communication and social interaction.
Regardless of the level or classification that our loved ones fit into, it’s important to recognize that there is a wealth of resources available to help them navigate the challenges of daily life. A common thread among these resources is the recognition that individuals on the autism spectrum experience varying degrees of discomfort with routine activities that neurotypical individuals find unproblematic.
Beyond the typical therapies such as physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), and speech therapy, a range of other interventions can assist with everyday tasks:
• Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT): Equips individuals with ASD with effective coping mechanisms.
• Art Therapy: Provides an outlet for non-verbal expression, allowing emotions to be channeled creatively.
• Music Therapy: Facilitates non-verbal expression, aiding in emotional release.
• Family Therapy: Strengthens family bonds and enhances understanding and support for autistic loved ones.
• Play Therapy: Utilizes play for socialization and communication, offering engaging alternatives.
• Equine-Assisted Therapy: Involves horseback riding as a therapeutic approach.
• Service Dogs: Can offer valuable support.
• Swimming: Engaging in swimming activities.
As we immerse ourselves in this journey of understanding, it becomes evident that autism, with its diverse manifestations, contributes to a rich tapestry of human experience. Every individual’s story adds to this vibrant narrative, highlighting the intricacies and potential for empowerment within the autism spectrum.
Follow me for Part Two – diving into my personal journey.
Caren
